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Emerging Economy

   4th July 2008
  Indian Economy Next Quarter
 
Inflation continues to merrily rise above 11.4%.
Dysfunctional government + international pressures = out of control economy.
Guess-work characterizing all forecasts ? impossible to predict where this will stop.
Interest rates hiked, more expected this year.
Domestic political woes will increase market uncertainties.
Rupee swings down to 44, pulled by down by high oil prices, expect more of the same.
Exports rise, but imports rise more ? trade deficit to worsen in coming months.
 
  India : Kal, aaj aur kal

In our newsletter last month we forecast for the rupee "expect further depreciation into 44 if crude moves towards $150, an appreciation into the 42 range if the oil price scenario improves." The former of course happened and the rupee has been diving towards 44 as oil springs higher and higher. For interest rates we made a similar prediction and the breakout of the range we had set was due to the same factors of inflation, crude oil and the RBI rate hike, triggered by the two. Where we did go way wrong was on the inflation forecast, we put it at 9%, while it has already crossed 11%, with huge unprecedented revisions in past provisional numbers.

We are being forced to suspend all forecasts for the time being; the highly unstable numbers due to crude oil prices and domestic inflation (including large revision of past numbers) make it impossible for any forecasting model to work properly. Rather than resort to pure guesswork, we shall spare you frequent downward revisions in growth and upward revisions in inflation, suffice to say, the trend is clear.

For almost three years we have been warning about inflationary tendencies due to government actions, but even we did not expect the figures would be 11.4% and rising. And we did not expect oil prices to cross USD 140. At this point therefore, even if monsoons are good, inflationary forces will remain at the forefront for the next few quarters. Had the government shown fiscal responsibility in the past, quickly passed on oil price increases, and allowed exchange rate to appreciate when the going was good, we would all have been better prepared to deal with this situation. Inflation would also have been a few points lower (though high nevertheless) giving greater room for manoeuvre to the government. The government knows this ? efficient markets rest upon signals given by freely moving prices, we mess with those signals and we make our own life difficult.

The next quarter shall see many developments - a hardening of the slowdown story; further spread of price rises across all commodities; the government at some point will need to respond by tightening liquidity/reducing its expenditures; interest rates will rise; and we will start to see fall in investment intentions. And the government will be able to do little. In short, good times are over and now the bad times begin.

But fundamentally of course there is nothing wrong with our economy and sooner or later we shall spring back on the high growth path, but the road in the short term is rocky. Actually at the present, if you are looking for a feel good factor, do check the India Brand Equity Fund website (www.ibef.org) - the sole cheerful voice in the gloom!

 
Sumita Kale & Laveesh Bhandari
4th july 2008 Indicus Analytics
Contact : sumita@indicus.net & laveesh@indicus.net
 
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   Economic Growth
 
IIP for April grew at 7.02% over the previous year, compared to last April?s growth at 11.32%, definitely slower. However, March estimates were revised upwards from to 3.94% growth.
Manufacturing grew at 7.45%, compared to last April?s 12.37%.
While electricity showed slower growth as well in April as recorded in last month?s newsletter, mining grew at a high 8.56% in April 2008, over last year?s April growth of 2.61%.
Electricity generation in May 2008 grew by 1.8 percent over last year, continuing its low performance. In June generation grew by 2.37% over last year.
 The ABN-AMRO PMI which surveys 500 firms, set manufacturing activity at a 4 month high in June, as firms worked to meet new export orders.
Railway freight revenue earnings rose by 10.875 in the period Apr-May 2008, compared to the 9.92% growth in the same period last year. Net tonnes carried increased by 10.2 % compared to a growth of 6.03% last year.
8.62 million subscribers added on in May 2008 on the cellular network, bringing tele-density up to 27.59%.Wireline subscribers have been reducing as people make the switch to mobile phones.
 
Read: End of India story?
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  Inflation
WPI soars past 11% with the provisional reading for the week ending June 14th at 11.42%. Strong upward revisions to previous numbers bring end-April inflation cross 8%.
CPI numbers also show high inflation ? CPIAL at 9.11% and CPI IW at 7.75% for May.
As crude oil moved past $140 a barrel, the EIA forecasts levels of $130 for the rest of the year ahead.
Spot prices of agri commodities on NCDEX have shown a sharp rise since May, in sharp contrast to last year?s trend.
Though bumper crops expected this year in wheat, prices not expected to ease.
ABN AMRO PMI survey reports firms passing on higher input costs to customers.
Read: Energy watchdog expects oil markets to stay tight
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  Interest Rates
Sharp spike up in the yields in the bond market as crude oil moved up, inflation numbers came in higher and the RBI raised rates ?unexpectedly?.
10 year benchmark Gsec moved in the range of 8.07% to 8.74% in June.
RBI Governor noted in a speech that the financial markets surprise him with their expectations from the RBI.
Fed Reserve expected to raise rates soon if inflation moves higher.
 ECB expected to raise rates as well after 13 month pause as inflation goes double of target.
Read: Fed lays groundwork to raise rates, if needed
Read: Have bond yields peaked?
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  Exchange Rates
Exports for the period April- May, 2008 were US$ 281 billion as against US$ 231 billion, growth of 21.7% in dollar terms and 20.6 % in rupee terms over the same period last year.
Imports for the period April- May, 2008 were US$ 488 billion growing by 31.7 % in dollar terms and 30.5% in rupee terms over the same period last year.
Oil imports up by 50% in May over last year while non-oil imports rose by 17.4%.
The main drivers of non-oil import over the period 2007-08 were capital goods, coal and coke, chemicals and fertilizers.
Trade deficit for April-May 2008 at US $ 206 billion, higher than the $139 last year same period.
  BOP data released shows that in Q4 there was a sharp rise in trade deficit because of the rise in oil imports, invisible surplus continued with inward remittances and growth in software earnings, the current account balance turned into a deficit in Q4 0708 compared to the surplus in 06-07 Q4, while there was substantial increase in capital flows.
While FDI, short term credit and external commercial borrowings led the surge in capital inflows, portfolio investment was negative in Q4 0708.
The rupee, which has been depreciating since April, took a turn past 43 to a dollar in early July, the main reason being the oil import bill is weighing heavy on the rupee.
Read: Weak dollar and rising oil prices challenge Bernanke
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